Correction bit explained synonym

Quantum computing is the area of study focused on developing computer technology based on the principles of quantum theorywhich explains the nature and behavior of energy and matter on the quantum atomic and subatomic level. Development of a quantum computerif practical, would mark a leap forward in computing capability far greater than that from the abacus to a modern day supercomputerwith performance gains in the billion-fold realm and beyond. The quantum computer, following the laws of quantum physics, would gain enormous processing power through the ability to be in multiple states, and to perform tasks using all possible permutations simultaneously.

The essential elements of quantum computing originated with Paul Benioff, working at Argonne National Labs, in He theorized a classical computer operating with some quantum mechanical principles. But it is generally accepted that David Deutsch of Oxford University provided the critical impetus for quantum computing research. Inhe was at a computation theory conference and began to wonder about the possibility correction bit explained synonym designing a computer that was based exclusively on quantum rules, then published his breakthrough paper a few months later.

With this, the race began to exploit his ideas. However, before we delve into what he correction bit explained synonym, it is beneficial to have a look at the background of the quantum world. Quantum theory's development began in with a presentation by Max Planck to the German Physical Society, in which he introduced the idea that energy exists in individual units which he called "quanta"as does matter.

Further developments by a number of scientists over the following thirty years led to the modern understanding of quantum theory. Niels Bohr proposed the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory, which asserts that a particle is whatever it is measured to be for example, a wave or a particle but that it cannot be assumed to have specific properties, or even to exist, until it is measured.

In short, Bohr was saying that objective reality does not exist. This translates to a principle called superposition that claims that while we do not know what the correction bit explained synonym of any object is, it is actually in all possible states simultaneously, as long as we don't look to check.

To illustrate this theory, we can use the famous and somewhat cruel analogy of Schrodinger's Cat. First, we have a living cat and place it in a thick lead box.

At this stage, there is no question that the cat is alive. We then throw in a vial of cyanide and seal the box. We do not know if the cat is alive or if it has correction bit explained synonym the cyanide capsule and died.

Since we do not know, the cat is both dead and alive, according to quantum law - in a superposition of states. It is only when we break open the box and see what condition the cat is in that the superposition is lost, and the cat must be either alive or dead.

The second interpretation of quantum theory is the multiverse or many-worlds theory. It holds that as soon as a potential exists for any object to be in any state, the universe of that object transmutes into a series of parallel universes equal to the number of possible states in which that the object can exist, with each universe containing a unique single possible state of that object.

Furthermore, there is a mechanism for interaction between these universes that somehow permits all states to be accessible in some way and for all possible states to be affected in some manner. Stephen Hawking and the late Richard Correction bit explained synonym are among the scientists who have expressed a preference for the many-worlds theory.

Which ever argument one chooses, the principle that, in some way, one particle can exist in numerous states opens up profound implications for computing. Classical computing relies, at its ultimate level, on principles expressed by Boolean algebra, operating with a usually 7-mode logic gate principle, though it is possible to exist with only three modes which are AND, NOT, and COPY. These values are binary correction bit explained synonym, or bits.

The millions of transistors and capacitors at the heart of computers can only be in one state at any point. While the time that the each transistor or capacitor need be either in 0 or 1 before switching states is now measurable in billionths of a second, there is still a limit as to how quickly these devices can be made to switch state. As we progress to smaller and faster circuits, we begin to reach the physical limits of materials and the threshold correction bit explained synonym classical laws of physics to apply.

Beyond this, the quantum world takes over, which opens a potential as great as the challenges that are presented. The Quantum computer, by contrast, can work with a two-mode logic gate: XOR and a mode we'll call QO1 the correction bit explained synonym to change 0 into a superposition of 0 and 1, a logic gate which cannot exist in classical correction bit explained synonym. Each of these particles is known as a quantum bit, or correction bit explained synonym, the nature and behavior of these particles form the basis of quantum computing.

The two most relevant aspects of quantum physics are the principles of superposition and entanglement. Think of a qubit as an electron in a magnetic field. The electron's spin may be either in alignment with the field, which is known as a spin-up state, or correction bit explained synonym to the field, which is known as a spin-down state. Changing the electron's spin from one state to another is achieved by using a pulse of energy, such as from a laser - let's say that we use 1 unit of laser energy.

But what correction bit explained synonym we only use half a unit of laser energy and completely isolate the particle from all external influences?

According to quantum law, the particle then enters a superposition of states, in which it behaves as if it were in both states simultaneously. Each qubit utilized could take a superposition of both 0 and 1. But how will these particles interact with each other?

They would do so via quantum entanglement. Entanglement Particles such as photons, electrons, or qubits that have interacted at some point retain a type of connection and can be entangled with each other in pairs, in a process known as correlation. Knowing the spin state correction bit explained synonym one entangled particle - up or down - allows one to know that the spin of its mate is in the opposite direction.

Even more amazing is the knowledge correction bit explained synonym, due to the phenomenon of superpostition, the measured particle has no single spin direction before being measured, but is simultaneously in both a spin-up and correction bit explained synonym state.

The spin state of the particle being measured is decided at the time of measurement and communicated to the correlated particle, which simultaneously assumes the opposite spin direction to that of the measured particle. This is a real phenomenon Einstein called it "spooky action at a distance"the mechanism of which cannot, as yet, be explained by any theory - it simply must be taken as given.

Quantum entanglement allows qubits that are separated by incredible distances to interact with each other instantaneously not limited to the speed of light. No matter how great the distance between the correlated particles, they will remain entangled as long as they are isolated.

Taken together, quantum superposition and entanglement create an enormously enhanced computing power. Where a 2-bit register in an ordinary computer can store only one of four binary configurations 00, 01, 10, or 11 at any given time, a 2-qubit register in a quantum computer can store all four numbers simultaneously, because each qubit represents two values.

If correction bit explained synonym qubits are added, the increased capacity is expanded exponentially. Perhaps even more intriguing than the sheer power of quantum computing is the ability correction bit explained synonym it offers to write programs in a completely correction bit explained synonym way. For example, a quantum computer could incorporate a programming sequence that would be along the lines of "take all the superpositions of all the prior computations" - something which is meaningless with a classical computer - which would permit extremely fast ways of solving certain mathematical problems, such as factorization of large numbers, one example of which we discuss below.

There have been two notable successes thus far with quantum programming. It centers on a system that uses number theory to estimate the periodicity of a large number sequence. The other major breakthrough happened with Lov Grover of Bell Labs inwith a very fast algorithm that is proven to be the fastest possible for searching through unstructured databases.

The above sounds promising, but there correction bit explained synonym tremendous obstacles still to be overcome. Some of the problems with quantum computing are as follows:. Even though there are many problems to overcome, the breakthroughs in the last 15 years, and especially correction bit explained synonym the last 3, have made some form of practical quantum computing not unfeasible, but there is much debate as to whether this is less than a decade away or a hundred years into the future.

However, the potential that this technology offers is attracting tremendous interest from both the government and the private sector. Military applications include the ability to break encryptions keys via brute force searches, while civilian applications range from DNA modeling to complex material science analysis. It is this potential that is rapidly breaking down the barriers to this technology, but whether all barriers can correction bit explained synonym broken, and when, is very much an open question.

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The research being done correction bit explained synonym quantum computing could have applications for mystical numerology based on the Vedic square.

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A bit is a type of horse tack used in equestrian activities, usually made of metal or a synthetic material, and is placed in the mouth of a horse or other equid and assists a rider in communicating with the animal. It rests on the bars of the mouth in an interdental region where there are no teeth. It is held on a horse's head by means of a bridle and has reins attached for use by a rider.

A bit functions through the principle of negative reinforcement: Correction bit explained synonym rider applies pressure through the reins to the bit in the horse's mouth and the horse is reinforced correction bit explained synonym rewarded correction bit explained synonym the correct response by softer contact or a release or pressure, depending on the style of riding. Studies have indicated that soft, consistent bit contact between the rider and horse causes the animal less stress than intermittent or unpredictable contact.

Although there are hundreds of design variations, the basic families of bits are defined by the way in which they use or do not use leverage. Bits are further described by the style of mouthpiece that goes inside the horse's mouth as well as by the type of bit ring or bit shank that is outside the mouth, to which the correction bit explained synonym are attached.

Types of headgear for horses that exert control with a noseband rather than a bit are usually called hackamores[3] though correction bit explained synonym term " bitless bridle " has become a popular colloquialism in recent years. The riders of early domesticated horses probably used some type of bitless headgear made of sinew, leather, or rope.

For this reason, no one can say with certainty which came first, the bitted or the bitless bridle. To date, the earliest known artistic evidence of use of some form of bitless bridle comes in illustrations of Synian horseman, dated approximately BC. The first bits correction bit explained synonym made of rope, bone, horn, or hard wood.

Metal bits came into use between and BC, originally made of bronze. Bits also can be made of other materials such as rubber or plastic, sometimes in combination with metals.

Throughout history, the need for control of horses in warfare drove extensive innovation in bit design, producing a variety of prototypes and styles over correction bit explained synonym centuries, from Ancient Greece into modern-day use. A bit consists of two basic components, the bit mouthpiece that goes inside the horse's mouth, and the bit rings of a snaffle bit or shanks of a curb bitto which the bridle and reins attach.

All bits act with some combination of pressure and leverage, often in conjunction with pressure applied by other parts of the bridle such as the curb chain on the chin, noseband on the jaw and face, or pressure on the poll from the headstall.

It is the sidepieces and the leverage these rings or shanks use to act on a horse's mouth that determines whether a bit is in the curb or snaffle family, and has a great impact on the severity of the mouthpiece.

The mouthpiece of a horse's bit is the first factor most people think of when assessing the severity and action of the bit. Therefore, it is carefully considered when choosing a bit for a horse. Many mouthpieces are not allowed in certain competitions. Bit mouthpieces may be single jointed, double-jointed, "mullen" a straight baror have an arched port in the center of varying height, with or without joints.

Some have rollers, rings or small "keys" that the horse can move with its tongue. Mouthpieces may be smooth, wire-wrapped or correction bit explained synonym roughened, or of twisted wire or metal. Various types of metal or synthetic substances are used for bit mouthpieces, which may determine how much a horse salivates or otherwise tolerates a bit; a horse having a moist mouth is considered more relaxed and responsive. Commonly used metals include stainless steel and nickel alloys, which generally do not rust and have a neutral effect on salivation; sweet iron correction bit explained synonym, aurigan and copperwhich generally tend to encourage salivation, and aluminum, which is considered drying and is discouraged as a mouthpiece metal.

Synthetic mouthpieces may be made with or without internal metal cable or bar reinforcement. Rubber bits are generally thicker than metal bits, but other types of synthetics such as plastics are also used. Plastic-coated bits are often the same size as metal bits, and some are flavored. Often, bits with shanks that also have single- or double-jointed mouthpieces are incorrectly referred to as snaffles.

Because of the presence of a shank, they are actually in the curb bit family. The mouthpiece of the bit does not rest on the teeth of the horsebut rather rests on the gums or "bars" of the horse's mouth in an interdental space behind the front incisors and in front of the back molars. When a horse is said to "grab the bit in its teeth" they actually mean that the horse tenses its lips and mouth against the bit to avoid the rider's commands although some horses may correction bit explained synonym learn to get the bit between their molars.

Depending on the style of bit, pressure can be brought to bear on the bars, tongue, and roof of the mouth, as well as the lips, chin groove and poll.

Bits offer varying degrees of control and communication between rider and horse depending upon their design and on the skill of the rider. It is important that the style of bit is appropriate to the horse's needs and is fitted properly for it to function properly and be as comfortable as possible for the horse.

In the wrong hands even the mildest bit can hurt the horse. Conversely, a correction bit explained synonym severe bit, in the right hands, can transmit extremely subtle, nuanced signals that cause no pain to the horse. Commands should be given with only the quietest movements of the hands, and most steering is done with the legs and seat.

Thus, instead of pulling or jerking the horse's head to change direction by force, a skilled rider indicates the desired direction by tightening and loosening the grip on the reins. The calf of the leg is used to push the body of the horse in a certain direction while the other one is used as a pivot and to provide the correct amount of impulsion required to keep the horse moving. Likewise, when slowing or stopping, a rider sits deeper in the saddle and closes correction bit explained synonym hands on the reins, avoiding jerking on the horse or hauling back on the reins in a "heavy-handed" fashion.

Change of position of the seat and the pressure of the rider's seat bones are also extremely correction bit explained synonym for turning, speeding up and slowing correction bit explained synonym.

There are many factors in the bitting equation which must be considered to get a true estimate of the action and severity of a bit. Although some mouthpieces are marketed as "correction" a euphemism for "severe" bits or "training" implying a mild bitthe terms are relative. The bit always rests on the sensitive bars of correction bit explained synonym horse's mouth.

A hard-handed rider can make even the mildest bit painful, and a skilled, light-handed rider can ride in a much harsher mouthpiece without damaging the mouth or causing any distress in the horse.

Additionally, the shank or ring has a great impact on the action of the mouthpiece. Snaffles are generally considered the mildest, curbs and gags the harshest. It is difficult, therefore, to compare a harsher-type bit with a mild mouthpiece such as a pelham with a rubber mullen mouthand a milder-type bit with a harsher mouthpiece like a thin snaffle with a slow twist.

In general, however, the mouthpiece can have a marked difference on the severity. Snaffles with twisted wires are never considered mild, whereas a pelham with a low port could. All bits work with either direct pressure or leverage. Bits that act with direct pressure on the tongue and lips are in the general category of snaffle bits.

Snaffle bits most commonly have a single jointed mouthpiece and act with a nutcracker effect on the bars, tongue and occasionally roof of the mouth. However, any bit that operates only on direct pressure is a "snaffle" bit, regardless of mouthpiece. Bits that have shanks coming off the bit mouthpiece to create leverage that applies pressure to the poll, chin groove and mouth of the horse are in the category of curb bits.

Most curb bit mouthpieces are solid without joints, ranging from a straight bar with a slight arch, called a "mullen" mouthpiece, through a "ported" bit that is slightly arched in the middle to provide tongue relief, to the full spade bit of the Vaquero style of western riding which combines both a straight bar and a very high "spoon" or "spade" extension that contacts the roof of the mouth.

The length of the shank determines the degree of leverage put on the horse's head and mouth. Again, a bit with shanks and leverage is always a "curb" type bit, even when it has a jointed mouthpiece more commonly seen on a snaffle such bits are sometimes—incorrectly—called "cowboy snaffles".

All shanked bits require the use of a curb chain or curb strap for proper action and safe use. Some bits combine both direct pressure and leverage, the most common examples being the Pelham bitwhich has shanks and rings allowing both direct and leverage pressure on a single bit and is ridden with four reins; [3] the Kimblewick or Kimberwickea hybrid bit that uses minimal leverage on a modified snaffle-type ring combined with a mouthpiece that is usually seen more often on curb bits, ridden with two reins; [13] and the double bridlewhich places a curb and a snaffle bit simultaneously in the horse's mouth so that each may act independently of the other, ridden with four reins.

Another bit that combines direct pressure and leverage in a unique manner is the Gag bita bit derived from the snaffle that, instead of having a rein attached to the mouthpiece, runs the rein correction bit explained synonym a set of rings that attach directly to the headstall, creating extra pressure on the lips and poll when applied.

Usually used for correction of specific problems, the gag bit is generally illegal in the show ring [14] and racecourse. Bits correction bit explained synonym the behavior of horses while wearing bits have made their way into popular culture outside of the horse world.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see bit disambiguation. Archived from the original on The Whole Horse Catalog: Revised and Updated New York: Horse tack and other equine equipment. Saddlescomponent parts and correction bit explained synonym. Bitsbridles and hackamores. Bridle Hackamore Double bridle Bitless bridle. Horse harness and carriages. Blinders or blinkers Shadow roll Bearing rein or overcheck. Tack accessories and training tools. Halter Lead tack Grooming tools Horse blanket Fly mask.

Hobble device Picket line Twitch device Cattle crush. Historic correction bit explained synonym ceremonial equipment. Horseshoe Hoof boot Caulkins. Glossary of equestrian terms Category: Horse tack and equipment. List of donkey breeds Donkey Zebra Onager. Retrieved from " https: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November Articles with permanently dead external links.

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